1.A jogger runs $300$ m due east along a straight path, turns around, and runs $400$ m due west along the same path. For the whole run,

1. the distance is $100$ m and the displacement is $100$ m west.
2. the distance is $700$ m and the displacement is $100$ m west.
3. the distance is $700$ m and the displacement is $700$ m west.
4. the distance is $100$ m and the displacement is $700$ m west.

2.The velocity of an object moving along a straight line changes from $+8.0$ m/s to $-2.0$ m/s over $4.0$ s. Its average acceleration is

1. $+2.5$ m/s$^2$.
2. $-1.5$ m/s$^2$.
3. $+1.5$ m/s$^2$.
4. $-2.5$ m/s$^2$.

3.The position of an object against time is a parabola that opens upward, with its lowest point at $t=3.0$ s. Which statement must be true?

1. The velocity is zero at $t=3.0$ s and the acceleration is positive throughout.
2. The object is at rest for the whole motion.
3. The acceleration is zero at $t=3.0$ s.
4. The object reverses direction twice.

4.Over an interval in which an object’s velocity is negative, the area between the velocity against time graph and the time axis represents

1. a negative acceleration.
2. a negative distance.
3. a negative displacement.
4. zero, because an area cannot be negative.

5.A train travels due east at $22$ m/s relative to the ground. A passenger walks toward the back of the train at $1.2$ m/s relative to the train. The velocity of the passenger relative to the ground is

1. $23.2$ m/s east.
2. $20.8$ m/s east.
3. $1.2$ m/s west.
4. $22$ m/s east.

6.From the edge of a table, one ball is launched horizontally at the same instant an identical ball is released from rest. Both land on level floor.

1. They land at the same instant.
2. The released ball lands first.
3. The launched ball lands first.
4. Which lands first depends on the launch speed.

7.A projectile is launched from level ground at $20$ m/s, $60^\circ$ above the horizontal. At the highest point of its path its speed is

1. zero.
2. $17$ m/s.
3. $20$ m/s.
4. $10$ m/s.

8.Three objects lie along the $x$-axis: $1.0$ kg at $x=0$, $2.0$ kg at $x=3.0$ m, and $3.0$ kg at $x=5.0$ m. The center of mass of the three is at

1. $x=2.5$ m.
2. $x=2.7$ m.
3. $x=3.5$ m.
4. $x=4.0$ m.

9.A crate is pulled at constant velocity across a rough level floor by a rope held at an angle above the horizontal. Its free-body diagram should show

1. the gravitational force, the normal force, the tension and the friction force.
2. the gravitational force, the normal force and the tension only.
3. the tension and the friction force only.
4. five forces, including a forward force of motion.

10.A horse pulls a cart forward, and the cart pulls back on the horse with a force of equal magnitude. The horse and cart still accelerate forward because

1. the horse’s pull on the cart is slightly larger than the cart’s pull on the horse.
2. the two forces act on different objects, and the net external force on the horse and cart together comes from the ground.
3. Newton’s third law does not apply while an object is accelerating.
4. the cart’s pull on the horse begins a moment later.

11.Two boxes start from rest on a level frictionless floor. The same constant horizontal force is exerted on each of them, for the same length of time. Box X has twice the mass of box Y. At the end of that time,

1. the two boxes are moving at the same speed.
2. box X is moving twice as fast as box Y.
3. box X has traveled twice the distance that box Y has traveled.
4. box Y is moving twice as fast as box X.

12.Two satellites of equal mass orbit the same planet. Satellite B is three times as far from the planet’s center as satellite A. The magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on B, compared with that on A, is

1. one third.
2. three times.
3. one ninth.
4. nine times.

13.A block rests on a rough level surface. A horizontal force of $12$ N is exerted on it and the block does not move. The magnitude of the static friction force exerted on the block is

1. $12$ N.
2. the coefficient of static friction times the normal force.
3. zero, because the block is not moving.
4. greater than $12$ N, because the block does not move.

14.An ideal spring of force constant $200$ N/m hangs vertically from a ceiling. A $2.0$ kg object is attached to its lower end and hangs at rest. The spring stretches by

1. $0.010$ m.
2. $1.0$ m.
3. $10$ m.
4. $0.10$ m.

15.A car travels around a flat, level circular curve at constant speed. The inward net force that produces its centripetal acceleration is

1. the normal force exerted by the road on the tires.
2. the static friction force exerted by the road on the tires.
3. the kinetic friction force exerted by the road on the tires.
4. a centripetal force that appears because the car is turning.

16.A car travels $60$ km at a steady $30$ km/h, then a further $60$ km at a steady $60$ km/h. Its average speed for the whole journey is

1. $45$ km/h.
2. $50$ km/h.
3. $40$ km/h.
4. $30$ km/h.

17.A ball is thrown straight up and later returns to the hand that threw it. Air resistance is negligible. Which statement about the acceleration of the ball during the flight is correct?

1. It is the same at every instant of the flight.
2. It is zero at the highest point of the flight.
3. It is negative on the way up and positive on the way down.
4. It reverses at the instant the ball reverses its direction.

18.Two identical balls are launched from level ground at the same speed, one at $30^\circ$ above the horizontal and one at $60^\circ$. Compared with the ball launched at $60^\circ$, the ball launched at $30^\circ$ has

1. a longer time of flight.
2. a greater maximum height.
3. a shorter horizontal range.
4. the same horizontal range.

19.A boat is steered due north and moves at $4.0$ m/s relative to the water. The water flows due east at $3.0$ m/s relative to the bank. The speed of the boat relative to the bank is

1. $1.0$ m/s.
2. $5.0$ m/s.
3. $7.0$ m/s.
4. $4.0$ m/s.

20.A vector of magnitude $3$ is added to a vector of magnitude $5$. Which of the following could be the magnitude of the resultant?

1. $1$
2. $9$
3. $10$
4. $2$

21.Two carts, of mass $2.0$ kg and $3.0$ kg, are held $5.0$ m apart on a frictionless track with a compressed spring between them, and released from rest. They meet at a distance from the starting point of the $2.0$ kg cart of

1. $3.0$ m.
2. $2.0$ m.
3. $2.5$ m.
4. $5.0$ m.

22.A block rests on an inclined surface. On the free-body diagram for the block, the normal force is drawn

1. straight up, opposite the gravitational force.
2. down the slope.
3. perpendicular to the inclined surface.
4. along the inclined surface, in the direction of any motion.

23.Two students stand facing each other on skateboards and push off. Student A has twice the mass of student B. Immediately after the push,

1. student A moves twice as fast as student B.
2. student B moves twice as fast as student A.
3. they move at the same speed.
4. student A does not move at all.

24.An elevator is moving downward and slowing at a steady rate as it comes to a stop. A passenger stands on a bathroom scale inside the elevator. While the elevator slows, the reading on the scale is

1. greater than the weight of the passenger.
2. less than the weight of the passenger.
3. equal to the weight of the passenger.
4. zero, because the elevator is coming to rest.

25.An object weighs $100$ N at the surface of the Earth. At an altitude of one Earth radius above the surface, its weight is

1. $100$ N.
2. $50$ N.
3. zero.
4. $25$ N.

26.A puck is given an initial speed along a level floor and slides to a stop. The same puck is then given the same initial speed along a second level floor, whose coefficient of kinetic friction is half as large. On the second floor the puck slides

1. half as far.
2. twice as far.
3. the same distance.
4. four times as far.

27.Two ideal springs hang side by side from a ceiling. One has force constant $k$ and the other has force constant $2k$. Identical objects are hung at rest from the lower end of each. Compared with the stretch of the stiffer spring, the stretch of the softer spring is

1. half as large.
2. the same.
3. twice as large.
4. four times as large.

28.A $0.50$ kg ball on the end of a $1.2$ m string is swung in a horizontal circle at a constant speed of $3.0$ m/s. Its centripetal acceleration is

1. $7.5\ \mathrm{m/s^2}$.
2. $2.5\ \mathrm{m/s^2}$.
3. $3.75\ \mathrm{m/s^2}$.
4. $1.2\ \mathrm{m/s^2}$.

29.A satellite moves in a circular orbit about a planet. Its orbital radius is then doubled. Its orbital period

1. doubles.
2. is halved.
3. is unchanged, since the period does not depend on the radius.
4. increases by a factor of about $2.8$.

30.A hockey puck slides across level, frictionless ice at constant velocity. The net force exerted on the puck is

1. in the direction of its motion.
2. opposite to its motion.
3. zero.
4. directed downward, since gravity still acts on it.

1.A hiker walks $6.0$ km due east, then $8.0$ km due north, then $6.0$ km due west. For the whole walk, the total distance and the magnitude of the displacement are

1. $20$ km and $10$ km.
2. $20$ km and $20$ km.
3. $20$ km and $8.0$ km.
4. $14$ km and $10$ km.

2.A car covers the first third of a straight trip, measured by distance, at a steady $20$ m/s, and the remaining two thirds at a steady $60$ m/s. Its average speed for the whole trip is

1. $36$ m/s.
2. $40$ m/s.
3. $45$ m/s.
4. $30$ m/s.

3.The velocity of an object moving along a straight line is a straight line on a velocity against time graph, falling from $+8.0$ m/s at $t=0$ to $-4.0$ m/s at $t=6.0$ s. The total distance the object travels in those $6.0$ s is

1. $8.0$ m.
2. $20$ m.
3. $12$ m.
4. $24$ m.

4.A stone is dropped from rest. During the last second before it lands it falls $25$ m. The stone fell for a total of

1. $5.0$ s.
2. $2.0$ s.
3. $2.5$ s.
4. $3.0$ s.

5.A river $120$ m wide flows due east at $3.0$ m/s. A boat whose speed relative to the water is $5.0$ m/s is steered so that it crosses to the point directly opposite its start. The crossing takes

1. $15$ s.
2. $24$ s.
3. $30$ s.
4. $40$ s.

6.A ball is thrown horizontally at $15$ m/s from the top of a $20$ m building. The angle below the horizontal at which its velocity points as it reaches the ground is closest to

1. $27^\circ$.
2. $53^\circ$.
3. $37^\circ$.
4. $45^\circ$.

7.Two balls are launched from level ground at the same speed and land back on the ground, one at $25^\circ$ above the horizontal and one at $65^\circ$. The maximum height reached by the $25^\circ$ ball, as a fraction of the maximum height reached by the $65^\circ$ ball, is closest to

1. $0.22$.
2. $0.38$.
3. $0.50$.
4. $1.0$.

8.Two objects, $2.0$ kg and $6.0$ kg, sit $1.00$ m apart on a frictionless table. The $6.0$ kg object is then moved $0.20$ m closer to the $2.0$ kg object. The center of mass of the pair moves

1. $0.15$ m, toward the $6.0$ kg object.
2. $0.20$ m, toward the $2.0$ kg object.
3. $0.050$ m, toward the $2.0$ kg object.
4. $0.15$ m, toward the $2.0$ kg object.

9.A crate sits on the flat bed of a truck and does not slide as the truck speeds up along a straight, level road. On a free-body diagram for the crate, the horizontal force exerted on it is

1. a forward force of motion carried along by the truck.
2. a static friction force from the bed, pointing forward.
3. a static friction force from the bed, pointing backward.
4. a kinetic friction force from the bed, pointing forward.

10.A $1500$ kg truck collides head on with a $500$ kg car. During the collision, the magnitude of the force the truck exerts on the car, compared with the force the car exerts on the truck, and the magnitude of the acceleration of the car, compared with that of the truck, are

1. three times as large, and the same.
2. three times as large, and three times as large.
3. the same, and three times as large.
4. the same, and the same.

11.Two blocks, $3.0$ kg and $5.0$ kg, are in contact and at rest on a frictionless level floor. A horizontal force of $24$ N is exerted on the $3.0$ kg block, pushing both. The magnitude of the force the $3.0$ kg block exerts on the $5.0$ kg block is

1. $15$ N.
2. $24$ N.
3. $9.0$ N.
4. $12$ N.

12.A planet has twice the radius of the Earth and eight times its mass. The gravitational field strength at the surface of that planet, compared with the field strength at the surface of the Earth, is

1. half as large.
2. four times as large.
3. eight times as large.
4. twice as large.

13.A block is released from rest on a ramp at $30^\circ$ to the horizontal. The coefficient of static friction is $0.50$ and the coefficient of kinetic friction is $0.40$. The block

1. stays at rest, because the coefficient of static friction is the larger of the two.
2. slides, with an acceleration of about $1.5$ m/s$^2$.
3. stays at rest, because static friction can balance the pull down the ramp.
4. slides, with an acceleration of about $5.0$ m/s$^2$.

14.A $4.0$ kg object hangs at rest from two identical ideal springs joined end to end, each of force constant $400$ N/m. The total extension of the pair is

1. $0.20$ m.
2. $0.050$ m.
3. $0.010$ m.
4. $0.10$ m.

15.A car drives over the top of a hill whose crest is a circular arc of radius $40$ m. The greatest speed at which the car can pass the crest while staying on the road is

1. $63$ m/s.
2. $400$ m/s.
3. $20$ m/s.
4. $14$ m/s.

16.The velocity of an object changes from $3.0$ m/s due east to $4.0$ m/s due north over $5.0$ s. The magnitude of its average acceleration is

1. $0.60$ m/s$^2$.
2. $0.20$ m/s$^2$.
3. $1.4$ m/s$^2$.
4. $1.0$ m/s$^2$.

17.An object starts from rest and moves along a straight line with an acceleration that is constant for the first $4.0$ s and zero after that. It covers $16$ m during the first $4.0$ s. The distance it covers during the next $4.0$ s is

1. $64$ m.
2. $32$ m.
3. $16$ m.
4. $48$ m.

18.A ball is launched from level ground at $20$ m/s, $30^\circ$ above the horizontal. The length of time during which the ball is more than $3.0$ m above the ground is closest to

1. $1.3$ s.
2. $0.37$ s.
3. $1.6$ s.
4. $2.0$ s.

19.An airplane whose speed relative to the air is $200$ km/h is steered so that it travels due north over the ground. A steady wind blows from the west at $50$ km/h. The speed of the airplane over the ground is closest to

1. $250$ km/h.
2. $150$ km/h.
3. $194$ km/h.
4. $206$ km/h.

20.Vector $\vec{A}$ has components $A_x=4.0$ and $A_y=-3.0$. Vector $\vec{B}$ has components $B_x=-1.0$ and $B_y=7.0$. The magnitude of $\vec{A}+\vec{B}$ is

1. $5.0$.
2. $3.0$.
3. $7.0$.
4. $11.0$.

21.A $60$ kg student walks from one end to the other of a $120$ kg boat, $4.0$ m long, that floats at rest on water that offers no resistance. The boat moves

1. not at all, because the water holds it in place.
2. $1.3$ m, opposite to the direction the student walks.
3. $4.0$ m, opposite to the direction the student walks.
4. $2.0$ m, opposite to the direction the student walks.

22.A crate is pushed across a level floor by a force directed at an angle below the horizontal. The magnitude of the normal force exerted on the crate by the floor is

1. equal to the horizontal part of the push.
2. equal to the weight of the crate.
3. smaller than the weight of the crate.
4. larger than the weight of the crate.

23.A book rests on a table. The force that pairs with the gravitational force the Earth exerts on the book, in the sense of Newton’s third law, is

1. the normal force the book exerts on the table.
2. the normal force the table exerts on the book.
3. the gravitational force the book exerts on the Earth.
4. the weight of the table.

24.A $5.0$ kg block on a frictionless ramp at $37^\circ$ to the horizontal is joined by a light string over an ideal pulley to a $4.0$ kg block hanging beside the ramp. Taking $\sin37^\circ$ as $0.60$, the magnitude of the acceleration of the system is

1. zero.
2. $1.1$ m/s$^2$.
3. $2.2$ m/s$^2$.
4. $10$ m/s$^2$.

25.Two spheres, of mass $M$ and $4M$, have their centers a distance $d$ apart. The point between them at which the net gravitational field is zero lies at a distance from the center of the sphere of mass $M$ of

1. $d/3$.
2. $d/5$.
3. $d/2$.
4. $2d/3$.

26.A car rounds a flat, level curve of radius $50$ m at a steady $20$ m/s. The smallest coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road that allows this is

1. $0.20$.
2. $0.40$.
3. $0.80$.
4. $1.25$.

27.Two ideal springs, of force constants $200$ N/m and $300$ N/m, are joined end to end and the pair is pulled by a force of $6.0$ N. The total extension of the pair is

1. $0.020$ m.
2. $0.012$ m.
3. $0.030$ m.
4. $0.050$ m.

28.A $0.20$ kg ball on the end of a light string swings in a horizontal circle at a steady speed, with the string making an angle of $30^\circ$ with the vertical. The tension in the string is closest to

1. $4.0$ N.
2. $2.3$ N.
3. $2.0$ N.
4. $1.7$ N.

29.A satellite is moved from a circular orbit of radius $r$ to a circular orbit of radius $4r$ about the same planet. Its orbital period becomes

1. eight times as long.
2. four times as long.
3. twice as long.
4. sixteen times as long.

30.A block slides down a rough ramp at a steady speed. The net force exerted on the block is

1. equal to the component of the gravitational force along the ramp.
2. directed down the ramp, because it is moving down the ramp.
3. directed up the ramp, because friction acts up the ramp.
4. zero.